Explain the structure of bacterial cell with the aid of a neatly labelled diagram. Also mention the roles of these structures and methods of their detection.
Define sterilization. Classify various methods of sterilization with suitable examples.
Define disinfection. Classify various methods of disinfection with suitable examples.
What are culture media. Classify the types of culture media with examples and their uses.
Describe the various methods of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria and mention their significance.
Enlist the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. Describe the various conditions caused by this bacterium along with their laboratory diagnosis.
Classify Streptococci. Describe the virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes along with the lesions produced and the laboratory diagnosis.
Enumerate the pyogenic bacteria. Describe the procedure involved in the diagnosis of any suppurative infection.
What is pyogenic meningitis? Enlist the various etiological agents and describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of Neisseria meningitis.
Which are the bacterial STDs? Write the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea.
Name the infections produced by pneumococcus. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of pneumococal pneumonia.
Classify Mycobacteria. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Enlist the bacterial zoonotic diseases. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of anthrax.
Define Pyrexia of Unknown Origin. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis.
Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of diphtheria.
Classify Clostridia. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of gas gangrene.
Classify the non-sporing anaerobes. Describe the various infections produced by them and the strategies adopted to culture them.
Classify Enterobacteriaceae. Mention the various infections produced by Escherichia coli. Describe the laboratory diagnosis and treatment of acute cystitis.
Name the bacteria capable of causing dysentery. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of bacillary dysentery.
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of enteric fever.
Enumerate the bacteria causing gastroenteritis. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of cholera.
What is meant by nosocomial infection? Which are common nosocomial pathogens? Describe the various infections produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Name the bacterial etiolgical agents of food-poisoning. Describe the strategy involved in diagnosing outbreaks of food-poisoning.
Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of plague.
Describe the pathogenesis, classification, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy.
Name the bacterial STDs. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of syphilis.
Classify treponemes. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of leptospirosis.
Classify Rickettsiae. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of spotted fevers.
Classify Chlamydia. Describe the various infections produced by C. trachomatis along with its laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Classify fungi and their diseases. Describe the procedures involved in laboratory diagnosis of mycoses.
What are dermatophytes? Enlist the various dermatophytic infections along with their etiological agents. Describe the process of laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Name the sub-cutaneous fungal infections along with their etiological agent. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of eumycotic mycetoma.
Name the systemic fungal infections along with their etiological agent. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of histoplasmosis.
Enumerate the opportunistic fungal infections along with their etiological agent. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis.
Classify viruses. Describe the strategies adopted in the laboratory diagnosis of viral infections.
Classify Herpes viruses. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of HSV infections.
Name the viruses causing hepatitis. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of HBV infection.
Classify arboviruses. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of dengue.
Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and prophylaxis of rabies.
Enlist the oncogenic viruses. Describe the mechanism of oncogenic transformation.
Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of HIV infection.
Name the virus transmitted parenterally. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of HCV.
Name the sexually transmitted viral infections and their etiological agents. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of papilloma virus.
Enlist the viruses causing respiratory tract infections. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of influenza.
Name the viral diseases of childhood. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prophylaxis of measles.
Name the opportunistic viral diseases. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections.
Classify Picornaviridae. Describe the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prophylaxis of polio.
Enumerate the nematodes infesting intestine. Describe the life cycle, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of roundworm/hookworm/pinworm.
Classify tapeworms. Describe the life cycle, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of conditions produced by tapeworm.
Describe the life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of entamoeba infection.
Describe the etiology, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis.
Name the parasites causing infections in the immunocompromised. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Cryptosporidium.
Name the species of Plasmodium and differentiate their features. Describe the life cycle, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of malaria.
Name the filarial nematodes. Describe the life cycle, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of bancroftian filariasis.
Name the parasites causing infection of the nervous system. Describe the life cycle, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba infection.
Classify antigen-antibody reactions. Describe the various types of agglutination/precipitation reactions along with examples.
Draw a neat and labelled diagram of an IgG molecule. Describe the properties of all the classes of immunoglobulins.
Describe the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Describe their role in innate immunity.
Classify immunity. Describe the various mechanism of innate/acquired immunity.
Classify hypersensitivity reactions. Describe the mechanism of action of Immediate/Delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
What is autoimmunity. Describe the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders and tests employed to detect them.
What are immunodeficiency disorders? Describe briefly the various T-cell/B-cell related immunodeficiencies.
What is the basis of humoral/cell-mediated immune response? Describe the process with an illustration.
Classify vaccines. Write notes on various vaccines administered as per national immunization programme.
Draw the two common complement activation pathways and describe the importance of complement in health and disease.
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