Various instruments of different shapes and sizes are used in clinical microbiology. These have varied applications. Some of the instruments/apparatus that I have shown here are kept as spotters in UG practical examination.

Some of the instruments included here are:

	Microbiological loop
	Seitz filter
	VDRL slide
	Microtitre plate

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here to open the contents in a new window. A random collection of microbiology photos shot by me is available here.

Various types of media exists to grow diverse type of bacteria. While some of these media are used routinely all over the world, some media are for special purposes only. My notes on this is already available here.

Some of the media presented here include:

	Nutrient agar
	Blood agar
	Chocolate agar
	CLED agar

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here to open the contents in a new window.

It is very important to identify the bacterium isolated from clinical specimen because the bacterium could be a pathogen or a contaminant/commensal. Several phenotypic tests are available to identify these bacteria up to their species level. some tests are more common than others.

Some of the tests presented here include:

	Oxidase test
	Catalase test
	Bile solubility test
	Indole test

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here to open the contents in a new window.

One of the first steps in identifying bacteria is the study of its microscopic morphology such as size, shape, arrangement and staining properties. Therefore microscopy serves as the first utility in the diagnosis.

Some of the slides presented here include:

	Bacterial slides
	Fungal slides
	Parasitic slides
	Histopathology slides

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here to open the contents in a new window. This file is password locked and is available for my students only.

Sterilization is a vital process in any healthcare setting to achieve asepsis. It has more importance in microbiology as the microbes can readily contaminate the culture media.

Some of the instruments presented here include:

	Autoclave
	Hot air oven
	Inspissator
	Seitz filter

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here will open the contents in a new window.

Animals have historically been a vital part of microbiological studies. animal model gives us insight into the pathogenesis of a disease and host response. Animals have been used for various purposes.

Some of the animals presented here include:

	Rabbit
	Guinea pig
	Mouse
	Armadillo

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here to open the contents in a new window.

There are several parasites of medical importance that can cause or transmit diseases in humans. While such a list can be very long, I am presenting only the important ones.  This slideshow is available exclusively for my students.

Some of the parasites and their brief descriptions presented here include:

	Ectoparasites such as mosquitoes, soft & hard ticks, reduviid bugs
	Trematodes, Cestodes and Nematodes of medical importance
	Eggs of intestinal helminths
	Protozoa of medical importance.

The pictures and their descriptions are provided in flash format. Click here to view ectoparasites and endoparasites. Click here to view slideshow of helminthic eggs. Click here to view protozoa of medical importance. All these files are password locked and are available for my students only.